Imiphumela yoCwaningo lwabakwaStatsSA lweKota yoNyaka mayelana neSimo Sabasebenzi Ezweni iveza ukuthi nge-Q4 yonyaka ka-2022 bebengu-310 000 abantu asebephelelwe yithemba ngokuthola umsebenzi eThekwini, kanti abangu-262 000 baphansi phezulu bafuna umsebenzi. Ngaphandle kwesikhathi lapho izwe belingaphansi kwemigomo yomvalelandlini, kuyaqala ngqa ukuthi eThekwini abantu asebelahle ithemba babe ngaphezukwababheka umsebenzi.
Kubantu abayizishayamthetho, lokhu kumele kuzenemibuzo ejulile. Ngale kwezimo ezaziwayo zokushoda kwemisebenzi ezimakethe, yiziphi ezinye izizathu ezinesandla ekuswelekeni kwemisebenzi nezilahlisa ithemba kubantu abangasebenzi? Yisiphi isizathu sokuthi abantu abangu-73 000 abebethungatha umsebenzi bengcine bephonse ithawula ekubhekeni umsebenzi esikhathini esiyizinyanga ezintathu?
Kunezimo ezithile ezikhona ezingakwazi ukusinikeza isithombe; esinye sazo okuyimfundo. ISibonelo, ngesikhathi kuhlolwa esikhathini esiyiminyaka emihlanu ngabantu asebephose ithawula ngokubheka umsebenzi abaneminyaka ephakathi kuka-16 kuya ku-64 ubudala eThekwini, abangu-33% kubona abazange baphothule imfundo yamabanga aphakeme kanti basemathubeni aphindwe kabili okungaqasheki uma beqhathaniswa nabagogodile emfundweni yamabanga aphezulu. Ngaphezu kwalokhu, ababheka umsebenzi abangazange baphothule imfundo yamabanga aphakeme basemathubeni aphindwe kathathu okugcina sebedikibele wukufuna umsebenzi, uma beqhathaniswa nalabo abagogode emfundweni yamabanga aphezulu.
UKUCHAZWA KWABASEBENZI NGOKWAMAZINGA EMFUNDO ABANAWO
Ukubeka ngendlela eyehlukile, abantu abagogode emfundweni yamabanga aphezulu basemathubeni amakhulu okuqashwa; njengoba bengu-69% abagogodile abasebenzayo, kanti cishe abangu-80% babalwa nabasebenzi; okungaba baqashiwe noma basafuna umsebenzi. Kulabo abangazange baphothule imfundo yamabanga aphakeme (abawu-1.36 million eThekwini), abawu-58% basemathubeni okungabalwa nabantu abasebenzayo okungaba yingenxa yokuthi sebedikibele ukubheka umsebenzi (8%), noma abakawubheki umsebenzi (nje ngabafundayo kwezinye izindawo, abahlala ekhaya begade izingane, abagulayo abangakwazi ukusebenza, njll; 50%).
NGABE UHLOBO NOMA IZINGA LEMFUNDO YAMABANGA APHEZULU KUYAWENZA UMEHLUKO?
Ngenxa yokuthi imfundo yamabanga aphezulu inegalelo elisobala ekutheni umuntu angakwazi ukuthola umsebenzi noma ukuba nalelo themba, kubalulekile ukuqonda ukuthi ngabe uhlobo noma izinga lemfundo umuntu analo liyawenza yini umehluko. Eminyakeni emihlanu eyedlule, bebelinganiselwa ku-341 434 ngonyaka abafundi abagogoda emfundweni yamabanga aphezulu eThekwini. Nokho ukuze kuhlaziywe ngendlela ecacile, kuphinde kwahlolwa abantu abagogoda emfundweni yamabanga aphezulu nakwabanye omasipala abayimikhandludolobha eNingizimu Afrika. Imininingwane ikhomba ukuthi amazinga aphezulu e-NQF ahlobene nokwehla kwezibalo zabantu abangasebenzi nokwanda kokuqashwa kwabantu njengoba kuvela emdwebeni ongezansi.[1]
Nakuba kubenokwanda ezibalweni zemisebenzi, ukusabalala kwemisebenzi ngokwezindawo akukabingcono kule minyaka embalwa edlule. Ngonyaka wezimali ka-2017/18, ibingu-837 114 imisebenzi engathathwa njengeqashe abantu ngokugcwele, kanti lesi sibalo senyukele ku-901 884 onyakeni wezimali ka-2021/22. Nokho imisebenzi isalokhu igxile kakhulu esiyingini ezingu-T sokuma komnotho waseThekwini; okuyizindawo ezisondelene nemizila u-N2 no-N3.
Ukusonga, imiphumela yoCwaningo Lwamakota Onyaka Ngesimo Sabasebenzi edalulwe yiSatsSA iveza isimo esikhathazayo ezimakethe zomsebenzi eThekwini lapho izibalo zabantu asebedikibele ukufuna umsebenzi sesingaphezu kwesibalo sabantu abasakhuthalele ukufuna umsebenzi. Imfundo ineqhaza elikhulu emazingeni okuqashwa kwabantu, ngoba labo abangaqedanga ezikoleni zamabanga aphakeme basemathubeni amakhulu okungasebenzi nokudikibala ukufuna umsebenzi.
Imfundo yamabanga aphezulu inegalelo ekutheni abantu bathole umsebenzi kanti amazinga e-NQF aphezulu ahlobene namathuba angcono okuthola umsebenzi. Ngeshwa, indlela okusabalele ngayo amathuba omsebenzi ngokwezindawo ayikashintshi kule minyaka embalwa edlule, njengoba amathuba emisebenzi esavela kakhulu ezindaweni ezisondelene nemizila emithile emikhulu.
Le miphumela ikhomba ukuthi izishayamthetho kumele zigxile kakhulu ekuthuthukiseni amakhono, zandise nesabelomali ezibhekiswe kulokho ukuze kuqinisekiswe ukuthi abantu babasesimweni sokuqasheka ezimakethe zomsebenzi. Imininingwane icacisa ijokale zinhlelo ezidumile zokudala amathuba emisebenzi eziqalwe wuhulumeni, ezibhekiswe kubantu abafuna umsebenzi ongadingi amakhono aphezulu. Lezozinhlelo zisungulelwe ikakhulukazi ukulwa nobubha, kanti angeke zikwazi ukushintsha isimo kanjalo nokuthi abantu bakwazi ukuqasheka ezimakethe.
Ekugcineni, izinkinga zokusweleka kwemisebenzi ezibhekene neDolobha kanjalo nezwezingakwazi ukuxazululeka ngokuthi kukhuliswe amazinga emfundo yamabanga aphakeme (NQF) kubantu abafuna umsebenzi, kanjalo nangokuthi kutshalwe izimali ezithe xaxa ezindaweni eziqhelile nemizila u-N2 no-N3, ukuze kwandle amathuba kulabo abawadingayo kulezo zindawo.
[1] “I-Post HigherDiploma” isho kokubili iziqu ze-Masters ne-Doctoral.
Ngolunye ulwaziungavakashela ku: https://edge.durban/dataset/quarterly-labour-force
